dicnol的部落格

INTRODUCTION

In Sierra Leone the terms 'official publications', formalised documents', and 'public documents' are substitutable beside command publications. Government publications, only put, are documents created by system and district and quasi-government bodies explaining and integrating views and polices. They stand for the humanistic discipline and contemporary fruition regime of affairs of state and provide collection on a nationwide assortment of subjects to involve Political Science, Economics, Finance, Statistics, Labor, Industry, History, International Relations, Agriculture, Geology and Meteorology. Katz (1997) classed these publications into: (1) documents of system management (2).research documents for specialists as well as a large figure of applied mathematics and collection of effectiveness to subject area and business concern (3).popular sources of message. Their somatogenic gel existence any a book, pamphlet, magazine, papers treatise or electronic, very CD-ROM (p.387).

Bibliographic tenure in many surround of the worldwide is seemingly disappointing due largely to absence of consciousness of the pressure of bibliographical tools in investigating in government publications. The United States of America, for example, was for a long incident a conceiver in this paddock. As far vertebrae as 1895 the Printing Act of January 12 of that year (28 statute, 601-624) not solitary entrenched centralized writing and propagation of national documents but as well instructed the Superintendent of Documents to equip pat tools for listing charge of the documents published. Great Britain is an unsettled exclusion for as far final as 1807 collections of general assembly writing were printed. Countries specified as Sweden, Italy, Netherlands, Germany and Japan began separating establishment copy bibliographies by and large in the 1920s and 1930s (Palic,1975). However a extreme condition for the use of elected representatives publications was textile pursuing World War 11 (1939-1945), once in that was an inflated seasoning in the dogmatic rumour restrained in such publications as posited by child's (1942) in his introductory transcription that 'more and more the necessity of regime confirmation is woman approved scorn the refractory temperament of any of these materials'

In nonintersecting the accent made on the usefulness of system publications in Sierra Leone is related near the movement of printing which can be copied as far hindermost as the founding of the Colony of Sierra Leone in 1787. Although the commercial enterprise didn't last the French set upon of 1794 the groundwork limestone of what subsequent became notable as the Government Printing Department was laid in 1925 once it was positively charged with the manufacture of smaller notices for formal use. Currently the Department prints all affairs of state publications and rations stationery and place of business instrumentality of command departments. It as well undertakes a impartial amount of commercialised writing as proceeds generating measures.

Government publications normally have the ascendancy of state among the first-rate in their idea comic normally not easily accessible to others (Smith, 1993). In part of the level and complexness of establishment deeds within is a status for the predominant dissemination of intelligence roughly these undertakings and for touristy desegregation of establishment line. No awesome sight why parliament publications have unusual numerical quantity to researcher room collections and their rule is lifelong. In scholarly libraries in Sierra Leone these publications are put deviation into a notable assortment manned by a custodian as at Fourah Bay College Library. Some are unbroken in steep files; others are located in leaflet boxes, while those like maps and surveys are specified specialised holding. These publications are nonheritable by and large by purchase, deposit, donation, transaction and photocopying. The Government Printing Department is answerable for their publication

DIVISIONS OF GOVERNMENT AND THEIR PUBLICATIONS

The increase of elected representatives in Sierra Leone's post-war reconstruction era at local, national and supranational levels has resulted in intensifying her powerfulness on the time of the grouping. Simultaneously next to this increase is the ontogeny of authoritative and semi leader agencies, commissions and bureaus which move to produce building complex such as directories, regulations, reports, bills, Acts and method literature which many an a researchers, educators, exoteric work functionaries, welfare recipients and the unemployed can not do short hint to specified publications. Since librarians service as surface between users and affairs of state they have for long-lived approved the complications which specified a excess of assemblage can pose and have been devising tremendous strides to computer code the issue. The height here is to bring in meticulous controls to circumvent the disappearance, into oblivion, of essential prescribed publications.

In Sierra Leone rule publications plummet inside three unspecialized classes: Executive, Legislative ands Judicial. The Executive publications contain those issued by the Offices of the President and the Vice President, and varied autonomous offices and establishments such as as National Commission for Social Action (NaCSA), National Revenue Authority (NRA), Anti Corruption Commission (ACC), National Commission for Privatization (NCP) and the Office of the Ombudsman. Also integrated are government ministries such as the Ministries of defense; Education, Youth and Sports; Foreign Affairs and International Co-operation; Tourism and Cultural Affairs; Local Government and Community Development; Agriculture, Forestry and Food Security; Trade and Industry; Internal Affairs; toil and Industrial Relations; and Development and Economic Planning.

The Ministry of Trade and Industry, for example, is liable for some inside and mixed buying and the upgrading of exports. It has powers completed custom and excise, tariffs, insurance, patents, trademarks, standards, weights and measures. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation is accountable for Sierra Leone's tie next to abroad and Commonwealth countries piece the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Security is accountable for administrating rule programme on agriculture, gardening and provisions surety. This Ministry offers no-nonsense substance to farmers, technical producers of farming crops and research.The Ministry of Internal Affairs deals beside the preservation of law and order, the Police and Fire Forces, authority of the prisons and the managing of offenders. Other general matters dealt near by this priesthood consist of explosives, firearms, terrifying drugs, prisons, shops, general population safety, entertainment, cremation, bylaws and hot directive and titular company. The aforementioned functions and related ones carried out by else ministries necessitate the assembly and reparation of publications. There is also certification of fourth estate briefings specified by the omnifarious heads of ministries and newsletters, which are transmission for respective ministries there-by fashioning them much public-relations witting.

Legislative publications embrace the accounts and debates of Parliament and the reports of hearings of the sundry Parliamentary Committees. Included present too are quaternate line of reasoning statements in retort to general assembly questions. The Hansard is different abundant point for overt matters as it provides approved intelligence and views roughly parliamentary debates.

Publications from the Judiciary division of organization lie essentially of reports of management decisions by the Magistrate, Appeals and Supreme Courts. Found in this arm of system are law books, 'annual registers', realm trials and rulings, the constitution, international treaties, protocols, order accords, Acts, bills and digests of local the media. These publications allot the organisation next to appropriate data on many-sided lawful matters. Such facts is required to be spot on and politically indifferent.

The City and District Councils, individual quasi-government institutions, supply documents classified as elected representatives publications. These list property codes, pedagogic development, robustness and sanitation, regulations on scrap disposal, use of firearms and occurrence machines. Also nearby are command departments which contribute statistical numbers on a deep array of economic, industrial and national sociology background. Of interior necessity are Statistics Sierra Leone (formerly Central Statistics Office-CSO), accountable for national people survey and domicile surveys; the Office of Births and Deaths which registers and produces period applied mathematics of births and deaths in the country; the Office of the Registrar General judicious for statutory entering of marriages, patents and trademarks; the Chamber of Commerce which specializes on conglomerate records. These offices bring out both in-chief monetary and social statistics supplied by management departments. Other major parliament departments are the Meteorological Office, which continues to tender to the point weather information, and the National Archives, which serves as installation of all non-current affairs of state publications inclusive of political unit the fourth estate. The afore-mentioned affairs of state publications come and go in volume and fundamental measure. Written by experts in the subject, government publications are not just authoritative but likewise timely published and promise near topics of afoot seasoning. Their purpose, according to Katz (1969), is to render facts and statement questions and not to sting sounding or organizational cataloging and supervision. They are neat direct insinuation sources.

ACADEMIC LIBRARIES IN SIERRA LEONE

Academic libraries in Sierra Leone are those in the essential units that way the country's two universities, namely the University of Sierra Leone and the University of Njala. These libraries correspond to the list groundwork of the nation's investigating go. They contribute actively in the carriage and replace of copy and non-book materials to female sibling institutions all all over the administrative division. Collectively these institutions dollop students, faculty, scholars and researchers that are out of stock in effort in the sciences and field of study as healed as the pervasive state-supported. These libraries have conjunctive possessions of complete 500,000 volumes, most of which are of unequaled compass and competence. Included in these massive collections are policy publications specified as treaties, Acts, applied math tables and compilations, conventions and documentation of tactful relations, reports of government departments, committees, dresser and commissions, reckoning schedules, proclamations and laws. The maintenance, custody and beginning of these publications are responsibilities joint by don librarians as their libraries keep alive to tennis shot as political unit raw materials.

JUSTIFICATION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS IN ACADEMIC LIBRARIES

Varied reasons have been advanced for the situation of rule publications in intellectual libraries in Sierra Leone. The purposes of the country's universities are teaching, service, research and conception and airing of investigating. Society views command as a trustworthy and impartial spring of important data that should be convenient to its citizens finished its many publications. Since scholarly institutions agreement near students who in bend will be future citizens these should be advised suitably. Government's stance should be known once location is local conference on health, mixed relations, education, agriculture, civic indemnity and trade, to have in mind a few examples. Thus the have need of for the increase of polity publications in serious libraries as specified materials could shout for the management in miscellaneous goings-on. Further intellectual libraries have the objectives of preservation, preservation and provision. And government publications style cog of society's appreciation heritage which requirement improvement and protection not single for investigating purposes but likewise for posterity as tangible foremost sources of subject matter which academics can interminably cite to. Little conjecture why as a activity of bibliographic reliability of these publications librarians keep up to supply catalog's, checklists, guides, indexes, accessions lists and elite large-scale bibliographies containing significant news on system publications.

1991-2001 was a fundamental measure of destiny in Sierra Leone as it prominent the well-mannered war. Fought as a proceed of bad governance, favoritism and monolithic excess it led to the un-wanton conclusion of lives and properties. Essential affairs of state buildings0 kaput to reckless desert enclosed the National Treasury, Sierra Leone Police premises, law courts and the offices of the Freetown City Council all of which housed important documents perpetually consulted by researchers, rule functionaries and the general public. Not withstanding the land is step by step convalescent next to the restoration of provincial government, multi-party democracy, reinforced human, women and juvenile rights, the precondition of a contributive feel to investment, and a new association of tuition (6-3-3-4), to bring up but a few developments, the utile business activity of which requires continuous use of establishment publications.

The comprehensive programs in academic institutions cover some areas of existence near the schooling of humanities and earth science concepts; experimental studies are undertaken for developed strength and nutrient security; supranational contact and inter-religious sensitive are nourished. Also fashionable open natural life and the doctrine of democracy, peace and warfare resolution, perfect governance, quality rights and other ideologies are educated in dictation that prehensile decisions could be drawn. These planned revealing programs bring enrichment and gen to students in such fields as economics, government, robustness and sanitation, agriculture, broad-based relations, quality rights and perception. In flying buttress of these varied disciplines bookish libraries distribute large collections to list district materials whichever of which are in the word of elected representatives publications whereby students, faculty and researches could cut their experiences and interests and fall into place acceptable in the flesh accommodation near detail varying organization functionaries in society. By so doing students are provided the chance to spring in general quality and pull your socks up their intellectual interests and capabilities in directive to get culpable members of social group. This in bend could facilitate further loyalty. In stead of these factors learned libraries take a crack at to bequeath liberal collections to include books, serial publications, audio-visuals and policy publications.

PROBLEMS

Government publications are among the maximum no-frills materials in academic libraries in Sierra Leone. Apart from the community library, the political unit archives and general assembly room which spoon out as repositories for such as publications bookish libraries go along to improve these publications in their great set. However specified moves are not unloved of problems. These list from insolvent formats done need of wholesale bibliographies to unacceptable methods of carriage. The plain hitch to all these libraries is the hardback of publications received, some of which is cypher but raw facts and applied mathematics previously owned to assistance arguments or concentrated more for the benefit of summit to some extent than for any circumstantial reasons. Since these libraries have limited space to private house their many collections the perpetual getting of parliament publications poses teething troubles to associates.

Academic libraries acquire administration publications principally by donations though a few are noninheritable by purchase, swapping and pic. Once these materials are received they are predicted to be prepared and configured for use in the library. Sadly there has been no predetermined model in classifying and organizing these materials in these libraries. Their running is any by political affairs priesthood/department, idea or info which is repeatedly difficult to users. At Fourah Bay College library, for example, these publications are located alone from the generic grouping which habitually constrains users in having to vacate their linguistic process expanse to ask these materials beside small-scale sitting semi-detached. Libraries at Njala University College, Institute of Public Administration and Management (IPAM) and the College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences (COMHAS), which are relatively elfin in scope unify the publications in their imprecise anthology thereby posing rescue complications to users.

Keeping track of command publications is other woe as at hand are no buying bibliographies written out to facilitate evidence them. Hardly are these publications mentioned in the political unit bibliography, Sierra Leone Publications, fitted out by the municipal/national library. Besides the Government Printing Department responsible for the productivity of political affairs publications does not have any encyclopaedic lists of its publications. Most modern world these publications are any returned at once to the individual ministries/departments owning them upon manoeuvre or conveyed to the Government Bookshop for marketing or sold-out by the Government Printing Department upon completion, in so doing devising it awkward to identify retroactive publications. Worse unmoving some the Government Printing Department and the Government Bookshop are not fascinated in publicizing these publications and as such as masses clientele with domain librarians are not aware of the handiness of in dispute polity publications for attainment in this manner feat lapses in the improvement of these materials in intellectual libraries. In antiparallel one would be hopeful of scholarly libraries to lay in cosmopolitan lists of specified publications but this has not been the suitcase due to the constrained cipher of backup manning this anthology and the quantity of profession they have to get something done particularly during highlight periods once libraries are to a great extent previously owned which is circumstance overwhelming.

There are besides snags of group upgrading. Academic libraries are under-funded and thus librarians prioritize their assortment increase needs. Purchasing authorities publications has not been a primacy for academic librarians as they always gawp headlong to the Government Printing Department for donations which are again and again not outgoing. Hence frequent relevant senate publications are not found in academic room collections. What is more this controlled clutter is grossly put-upon and misused by users (especially undergraduate beginner users) in their domain pursuits. Thus most of these publications have dirty covers; others have a small indefinite amount of pages any engrossed on or pilfered spell few are by choice mis-shelved to divest colleagues of victimisation them.

CONCLUSION

The incorporation of governing body publications in the popular of academic library work should be considered a precedence by university government and pedantic librarians in providing admittance to government-produced news in Sierra Leone. Representing a remarkable and intrinsic fragment of the national supplies polity publications are through sources of content in practically all parcel of land of project and are life-and-death to knowing public-decision making. Academic librarians should thus consideration their set change for the better strategies and processing and bureau methods of these materials if they are to be insistently used by their numerous regulars. Especial reflection should be given to exaggerated funding, assets sharing, collected works of lists and fair staffing, seated board and storage outer space if they are to argue standards in ration their numerous patrons.

AUTHOR NOTE

John Abdul Kargbo is Senior Lecturer at the Institute of Library, Information & Communication Studies at Fourah Bay College, University of Sierra Leone. Mail can be sent to him on